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reorg'ed standards.texi. use Makefile with a capital 'M' everywhere.
Add description of Autoconf versions of standard directories.
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@ -8,14 +8,26 @@
@cindex conventions for makefiles
@cindex standards for makefiles
This chapter describes conventions for writing the Makefiles for GNU programs.
This
@ifinfo
node
@end ifinfo
@iftex
@ifset CODESTD
section
@end ifset
@ifclear CODESTD
chapter
@end ifclear
@end iftex
describes conventions for writing the Makefiles for GNU programs.
@menu
* Makefile Basics::
* Utilities in Makefiles::
* Standard Targets::
* Command Variables::
* Directory Variables::
* Makefile Basics:: General Conventions for Makefiles
* Utilities in Makefiles:: Utilities in Makefiles
* Command Variables:: Variables for Specifying Commands
* Directory Variables:: Variables for Installation Directories
* Standard Targets:: Standard Targets for Users
@end menu
@node Makefile Basics
@ -71,7 +83,7 @@ When using GNU @code{make}, relying on @samp{VPATH} to find the source
file will work in the case where there is a single dependency file,
since the @code{make} automatic variable @samp{$<} will represent the
source file wherever it is. (Many versions of @code{make} set @samp{$<}
only in implicit rules.) A makefile target like
only in implicit rules.) A Makefile target like
@smallexample
foo.o : bar.c
@ -140,14 +152,326 @@ When you use @code{ranlib}, you should make sure nothing bad happens if
the system does not have @code{ranlib}. Arrange to ignore an error
from that command, and print a message before the command to tell the
user that failure of the @code{ranlib} command does not mean a problem.
(The Autoconf @samp{AC_PROG_RANLIB} macro can help with this.)
If you use symbolic links, you should implement a fallback for systems
that don't have symbolic links.
It is ok to use other utilities in Makefile portions (or scripts)
intended only for particular systems where you know those utilities to
intended only for particular systems where you know those utilities
exist.
@node Command Variables
@section Variables for Specifying Commands
Makefiles should provide variables for overriding certain commands, options,
and so on.
In particular, you should run most utility programs via variables.
Thus, if you use Bison, have a variable named @code{BISON} whose default
value is set with @samp{BISON = bison}, and refer to it with
@code{$(BISON)} whenever you need to use Bison.
File management utilities such as @code{ln}, @code{rm}, @code{mv}, and
so on, need not be referred to through variables in this way, since users
don't need to replace them with other programs.
Each program-name variable should come with an options variable that is
used to supply options to the program. Append @samp{FLAGS} to the
program-name variable name to get the options variable name---for
example, @code{BISONFLAGS}. (The name @code{CFLAGS} is an exception to
this rule, but we keep it because it is standard.) Use @code{CPPFLAGS}
in any compilation command that runs the preprocessor, and use
@code{LDFLAGS} in any compilation command that does linking as well as
in any direct use of @code{ld}.
If there are C compiler options that @emph{must} be used for proper
compilation of certain files, do not include them in @code{CFLAGS}.
Users expect to be able to specify @code{CFLAGS} freely themselves.
Instead, arrange to pass the necessary options to the C compiler
independently of @code{CFLAGS}, by writing them explicitly in the
compilation commands or by defining an implicit rule, like this:
@smallexample
CFLAGS = -g
ALL_CFLAGS = -I. $(CFLAGS)
.c.o:
$(CC) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $<
@end smallexample
Do include the @samp{-g} option in @code{CFLAGS}, because that is not
@emph{required} for proper compilation. You can consider it a default
that is only recommended. If the package is set up so that it is
compiled with GCC by default, then you might as well include @samp{-O}
in the default value of @code{CFLAGS} as well.
Put @code{CFLAGS} last in the compilation command, after other variables
containing compiler options, so the user can use @code{CFLAGS} to
override the others.
Every Makefile should define the variable @code{INSTALL}, which is the
basic command for installing a file into the system.
Every Makefile should also define the variables @code{INSTALL_PROGRAM}
and @code{INSTALL_DATA}. (The default for each of these should be
@code{$(INSTALL)}.) Then it should use those variables as the commands
for actual installation, for executables and nonexecutables
respectively. Use these variables as follows:
@example
$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) foo $(bindir)/foo
$(INSTALL_DATA) libfoo.a $(libdir)/libfoo.a
@end example
@noindent
Always use a file name, not a directory name, as the second argument of
the installation commands. Use a separate command for each file to be
installed.
@node Directory Variables
@section Variables for Installation Directories
Installation directories should always be named by variables, so it is
easy to install in a nonstandard place. The standard names for these
variables are described below. They are based on a standard filesystem
layout; variants of it are used in SVR4, 4.4BSD, Linux, Ultrix v4, and
other modern operating systems.
These two variables set the root for the installation. All the other
installation directories should be subdirectories of one of these two,
and nothing should be directly installed into these two directories.
@table @samp
@item prefix
A prefix used in constructing the default values of the variables listed
below. The default value of @code{prefix} should be @file{/usr/local}.
When building the complete GNU system, the prefix will be empty and
@file{/usr} will be a symbolic link to @file{/}.
(If you are using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@prefix@@}.)
@item exec_prefix
A prefix used in constructing the default values of some of the
variables listed below. The default value of @code{exec_prefix} should
be @code{$(prefix)}.
(If you are using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@exec_prefix@@}.)
Generally, @code{$(exec_prefix)} is used for directories that contain
machine-specific files (such as executables and subroutine libraries),
while @code{$(prefix)} is used directly for other directories.
@end table
Executable programs are installed in one of the following directories.
@table @samp
@item bindir
The directory for installing executable programs that users can run.
This should normally be @file{/usr/local/bin}, but write it as
@file{$(exec_prefix)/bin}.
(If you are using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@bindir@@}.)
@item sbindir
The directory for installing executable programs that can be run from
the shell, but are only generally useful to system administrators. This
should normally be @file{/usr/local/sbin}, but write it as
@file{$(exec_prefix)/sbin}.
(If you are using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@sbindir@@}.)
@item libexecdir
@comment This paragraph adjusted to avoid overfull hbox --roland 5jul94
The directory for installing executable programs to be run by other
programs rather than by users. This directory should normally be
@file{/usr/local/libexec}, but write it as @file{$(exec_prefix)/libexec}.
(If you are using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@libexecdir@@}.)
@end table
Data files used by the program during its execution are divided into
categories in two ways.
@itemize @bullet
@item
Some files are normally modified by programs; others are never normally
modified (though users may edit some of these).
@item
Some files are architecture-independent and can be shared by all
machines at a site; some are architecture-dependent and can be shared
only by machines of the same kind and operating system; others may never
be shared between two machines.
@end itemize
This makes for six different possibilities. However, we want to
discourage the use of architecture-dependent files, aside from object
files and libraries. It is much cleaner to make other data files
architecture-independent, and it is generally not hard.
Therefore, here are the variables Makefiles should use to specify
directories:
@table @samp
@item datadir
The directory for installing read-only architecture independent data
files. This should normally be @file{/usr/local/share}, but write it as
@file{$(prefix)/share}.
(If you are using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@datadir@@}.)
As a special exception, see @file{$(infodir)}
and @file{$(includedir)} below.
@item sysconfdir
The directory for installing read-only data files that pertain to a
single machine--that is to say, files for configuring a host. Mailer
and network configuration files, @file{/etc/passwd}, and so forth belong
here. All the files in this directory should be ordinary ASCII text
files. This directory should normally be @file{/usr/local/etc}, but
write it as @file{$(prefix)/etc}.
(If you are using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@sysconfdir@@}.)
@c rewritten to avoid overfull hbox --tower
Do not install executables
@c here
in this directory (they probably
belong in @file{$(libexecdir)} or @file{$(sbindir)}). Also do not
install files that are modified in the normal course of their use
(programs whose purpose is to change the configuration of the system
excluded). Those probably belong in @file{$(localstatedir)}.
@item sharedstatedir
The directory for installing architecture-independent data files which
the programs modify while they run. This should normally be
@file{/usr/local/com}, but write it as @file{$(prefix)/com}.
(If you are using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@sharedstatedir@@}.)
@item localstatedir
The directory for installing data files which the programs modify while
they run, and that pertain to one specific machine. Users should never
need to modify files in this directory to configure the package's
operation; put such configuration information in separate files that go
in @file{$(datadir)} or @file{$(sysconfdir)}. @file{$(localstatedir)}
should normally be @file{/usr/local/var}, but write it as
@file{$(prefix)/var}.
(If you are using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@localstatedir@@}.)
@item libdir
The directory for object files and libraries of object code. Do not
install executables here, they probably belong in @file{$(libexecdir)}
instead. The value of @code{libdir} should normally be
@file{/usr/local/lib}, but write it as @file{$(exec_prefix)/lib}.
(If you are using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@libdir@@}.)
@item infodir
The directory for installing the Info files for this package. By
default, it should be @file{/usr/local/info}, but it should be written
as @file{$(prefix)/info}.
(If you are using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@infodir@@}.)
@item includedir
@c rewritten to avoid overfull hbox --roland
The directory for installing header files to be included by user
programs with the C @samp{#include} preprocessor directive. This
should normally be @file{/usr/local/include}, but write it as
@file{$(prefix)/include}.
(If you are using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@includedir@@}.)
Most compilers other than GCC do not look for header files in
@file{/usr/local/include}. So installing the header files this way is
only useful with GCC. Sometimes this is not a problem because some
libraries are only really intended to work with GCC. But some libraries
are intended to work with other compilers. They should install their
header files in two places, one specified by @code{includedir} and one
specified by @code{oldincludedir}.
@item oldincludedir
The directory for installing @samp{#include} header files for use with
compilers other than GCC. This should normally be @file{/usr/include}.
(If you are using Autoconf, you can write it as @samp{@@oldincludedir@@}.)
The Makefile commands should check whether the value of
@code{oldincludedir} is empty. If it is, they should not try to use
it; they should cancel the second installation of the header files.
A package should not replace an existing header in this directory unless
the header came from the same package. Thus, if your Foo package
provides a header file @file{foo.h}, then it should install the header
file in the @code{oldincludedir} directory if either (1) there is no
@file{foo.h} there or (2) the @file{foo.h} that exists came from the Foo
package.
To tell whether @file{foo.h} came from the Foo package, put a magic
string in the file---part of a comment---and @code{grep} for that string.
@end table
Unix-style man pages are installed in one of the following:
@table @samp
@item mandir
The top-level directory for installing the man pages (if any) for this
package. It will normally be @file{/usr/local/man}, but you should
write it as @file{$(prefix)/man}.
(If you are using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@mandir@@}.)
@item man1dir
The directory for installing section 1 man pages. Write it as
@file{$(mandir)/man1}.
@item man2dir
The directory for installing section 2 man pages. Write it as
@file{$(mandir)/man2}
@item @dots{}
@strong{Don't make the primary documentation for any GNU software be a
man page. Write a manual in Texinfo instead. Man pages are just for
the sake of people running GNU software on Unix, which is a secondary
application only.}
@item manext
The file name extension for the installed man page. This should contain
a period followed by the appropriate digit; it should normally be @samp{.1}.
@item man1ext
The file name extension for installed section 1 man pages.
@item man2ext
The file name extension for installed section 2 man pages.
@item @dots{}
Use these names instead of @samp{manext} if the package needs to install man
pages in more than one section of the manual.
@end table
And finally, you should set the following variable:
@table @samp
@item srcdir
The directory for the sources being compiled. The value of this
variable is normally inserted by the @code{configure} shell script.
(If you are using Autconf, use @samp{srcdir = @@srcdir@@}.)
@end table
For example:
@smallexample
@c I have changed some of the comments here slightly to fix an overfull
@c hbox, so the make manual can format correctly. --roland
# Common prefix for installation directories.
# NOTE: This directory must exist when you start the install.
prefix = /usr/local
exec_prefix = $(prefix)
# Where to put the executable for the command `gcc'.
bindir = $(exec_prefix)/bin
# Where to put the directories used by the compiler.
libexecdir = $(exec_prefix)/libexec
# Where to put the Info files.
infodir = $(prefix)/info
@end smallexample
If your program installs a large number of files into one of the
standard user-specified directories, it might be useful to group them
into a subdirectory particular to that program. If you do this, you
should write the @code{install} rule to create these subdirectories.
Do not expect the user to include the subdirectory name in the value of
any of the variables listed above. The idea of having a uniform set of
variable names for installation directories is to enable the user to
specify the exact same values for several different GNU packages. In
order for this to be useful, all the packages must be designed so that
they will work sensibly when the user does so.
@node Standard Targets
@section Standard Targets for Users
@ -247,20 +571,20 @@ Bison, tags tables, Info files, and so on.
The reason we say ``almost everything'' is that running the command
@samp{make maintainer-clean} should not delete @file{configure} even if
it can be remade using a rule in the Makefile. More generally,
@file{configure} can be remade using a rule in the Makefile. More generally,
@samp{make maintainer-clean} should not delete anything that needs to
exist in order to run @file{configure} and then begin to build the
program. This is the only exception; @code{maintainer-clean} should
delete everything else that can be rebuilt.
The @samp{maintainer-clean} is intended to be used by a maintainer of
The @samp{maintainer-clean} target is intended to be used by a maintainer of
the package, not by ordinary users. You may need special tools to
reconstruct some of the files that @samp{make maintainer-clean} deletes.
Since these files are normally included in the distribution, we don't
take care to make them easy to reconstruct. If you find you need to
unpack the full distribution again, don't blame us.
To help make users aware of this, the commands for the special
To help make users aware of this, the commands for the special
@code{maintainer-clean} target should start with these two:
@smallexample
@ -270,6 +594,7 @@ To help make users aware of this, the commands for the special
@item TAGS
Update a tags table for this program.
@c ADR: how?
@item info
Generate any Info files needed. The best way to write the rules is as
@ -288,7 +613,7 @@ run the @code{makeinfo} program, which is part of the Texinfo
distribution.
@item dvi
Generate DVI files for all TeXinfo documentation.
Generate DVI files for all Texinfo documentation.
For example:
@smallexample
@ -301,8 +626,9 @@ foo.dvi: foo.texi chap1.texi chap2.texi
@noindent
You must define the variable @code{TEXI2DVI} in the Makefile. It should
run the program @code{texi2dvi}, which is part of the Texinfo
distribution. Alternatively, write just the dependencies, and allow GNU
Make to provide the command.
distribution.@footnote{@code{texi2dvi} uses @TeX{} to do the real work
of formatting. @TeX{} is not distributed with Texinfo.} Alternatively,
write just the dependencies, and allow GNU Make to provide the command.
@item dist
Create a distribution tar file for this program. The tar file should be
@ -317,10 +643,18 @@ The easiest way to do this is to create a subdirectory appropriately
named, use @code{ln} or @code{cp} to install the proper files in it, and
then @code{tar} that subdirectory.
Compress the tar file file with @code{gzip}. For example, the actual
distribution file for GCC version 1.40 is called @file{gcc-1.40.tar.gz}.
The @code{dist} target should explicitly depend on all non-source files
that are in the distribution, to make sure they are up to date in the
distribution.
@ifset CODESTD
@xref{Releases, , Making Releases}.
@end ifset
@ifclear CODESTD
@xref{Releases, , Making Releases, standards, GNU Coding Standards}.
@end ifclear
@item check
Perform self-tests (if any). The user must build the program before
@ -342,7 +676,8 @@ the program before running the tests. You should not assume that
It's useful to add a target named @samp{installdirs} to create the
directories where files are installed, and their parent directories.
There is a script called @file{mkinstalldirs} which is convenient for
this; find it in the Texinfo package.@c It's in /gd/gnu/lib/mkinstalldirs.
this; you can find it in the Texinfo package.
@c It's in /gd/gnu/lib/mkinstalldirs.
You can use a rule like this:
@comment This has been carefully formatted to look decent in the Make manual.
@ -359,299 +694,3 @@ installdirs: mkinstalldirs
This rule should not modify the directories where compilation is done.
It should do nothing but create installation directories.
@end table
@node Command Variables
@section Variables for Specifying Commands
Makefiles should provide variables for overriding certain commands, options,
and so on.
In particular, you should run most utility programs via variables.
Thus, if you use Bison, have a variable named @code{BISON} whose default
value is set with @samp{BISON = bison}, and refer to it with
@code{$(BISON)} whenever you need to use Bison.
File management utilities such as @code{ln}, @code{rm}, @code{mv}, and
so on, need not be referred to through variables in this way, since users
don't need to replace them with other programs.
Each program-name variable should come with an options variable that is
used to supply options to the program. Append @samp{FLAGS} to the
program-name variable name to get the options variable name---for
example, @code{BISONFLAGS}. (The name @code{CFLAGS} is an exception to
this rule, but we keep it because it is standard.) Use @code{CPPFLAGS}
in any compilation command that runs the preprocessor, and use
@code{LDFLAGS} in any compilation command that does linking as well as
in any direct use of @code{ld}.
If there are C compiler options that @emph{must} be used for proper
compilation of certain files, do not include them in @code{CFLAGS}.
Users expect to be able to specify @code{CFLAGS} freely themselves.
Instead, arrange to pass the necessary options to the C compiler
independently of @code{CFLAGS}, by writing them explicitly in the
compilation commands or by defining an implicit rule, like this:
@smallexample
CFLAGS = -g
ALL_CFLAGS = -I. $(CFLAGS)
.c.o:
$(CC) -c $(CPPFLAGS) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $<
@end smallexample
Do include the @samp{-g} option in @code{CFLAGS}, because that is not
@emph{required} for proper compilation. You can consider it a default
that is only recommended. If the package is set up so that it is
compiled with GCC by default, then you might as well include @samp{-O}
in the default value of @code{CFLAGS} as well.
Put @code{CFLAGS} last in the compilation command, after other variables
containing compiler options, so the user can use @code{CFLAGS} to
override the others.
Every Makefile should define the variable @code{INSTALL}, which is the
basic command for installing a file into the system.
Every Makefile should also define the variables @code{INSTALL_PROGRAM}
and @code{INSTALL_DATA}. (The default for each of these should be
@code{$(INSTALL)}.) Then it should use those variables as the commands
for actual installation, for executables and nonexecutables
respectively. Use these variables as follows:
@example
$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) foo $(bindir)/foo
$(INSTALL_DATA) libfoo.a $(libdir)/libfoo.a
@end example
@noindent
Always use a file name, not a directory name, as the second argument of
the installation commands. Use a separate command for each file to be
installed.
@node Directory Variables
@section Variables for Installation Directories
Installation directories should always be named by variables, so it is
easy to install in a nonstandard place. The standard names for these
variables are described below. They are based on a standard filesystem
layout; variants of it are used in SVR4, 4.4BSD, Linux, Ultrix v4, and
other modern operating systems.
These two variables set the root for the installation. All the other
installation directories should be subdirectories of one of these two,
and nothing should be directly installed into these two directories.
@table @samp
@item prefix
A prefix used in constructing the default values of the variables listed
below. The default value of @code{prefix} should be @file{/usr/local}.
When building the complete GNU system, the prefix will be empty and
@file{/usr} will be a symbolic link to @file{/}.
@item exec_prefix
A prefix used in constructing the default values of some of the
variables listed below. The default value of @code{exec_prefix} should
be @code{$(prefix)}.
Generally, @code{$(exec_prefix)} is used for directories that contain
machine-specific files (such as executables and subroutine libraries),
while @code{$(prefix)} is used directly for other directories.
@end table
Executable programs are installed in one of the following directories.
@table @samp
@item bindir
The directory for installing executable programs that users can run.
This should normally be @file{/usr/local/bin}, but write it as
@file{$(exec_prefix)/bin}.
@item sbindir
The directory for installing executable programs that can be run from
the shell, but are only generally useful to system administrators. This
should normally be @file{/usr/local/sbin}, but write it as
@file{$(exec_prefix)/sbin}.
@item libexecdir
@comment This paragraph adjusted to avoid overfull hbox --roland 5jul94
The directory for installing executable programs to be run by other
programs rather than by users. This directory should normally be
@file{/usr/local/libexec}, but write it as @file{$(exec_prefix)/libexec}.
@end table
Data files used by the program during its execution are divided into
categories in two ways.
@itemize @bullet
@item
Some files are normally modified by programs; others are never normally
modified (though users may edit some of these).
@item
Some files are architecture-independent and can be shared by all
machines at a site; some are architecture-dependent and can be shared
only by machines of the same kind and operating system; others may never
be shared between two machines.
@end itemize
This makes for six different possibilities. However, we want to
discourage the use of architecture-dependent files, aside from of object
files and libraries. It is much cleaner to make other data files
architecture-independent, and it is generally not hard.
Therefore, here are the variables makefiles should use to specify
directories:
@table @samp
@item datadir
The directory for installing read-only architecture independent data
files. This should normally be @file{/usr/local/share}, but write it as
@file{$(prefix)/share}. As a special exception, see @file{$(infodir)}
and @file{$(includedir)} below.
@item sysconfdir
The directory for installing read-only data files that pertain to a
single machine--that is to say, files for configuring a host. Mailer
and network configuration files, @file{/etc/passwd}, and so forth belong
here. All the files in this directory should be ordinary ASCII text
files. This directory should normally be @file{/usr/local/etc}, but
write it as @file{$(prefix)/etc}.
@c rewritten to avoid overfull hbox --tower
Do not install executables
@c here
in this directory (they probably
belong in @file{$(libexecdir)} or @file{$(sbindir))}. Also do not
install files that are modified in the normal course of their use
(programs whose purpose is to change the configuration of the system
excluded). Those probably belong in @file{$(localstatedir)}.
@item sharedstatedir
The directory for installing architecture-independent data files which
the programs modify while they run. This should normally be
@file{/usr/local/com}, but write it as @file{$(prefix)/com}.
@item localstatedir
The directory for installing data files which the programs modify while
they run, and that pertain to one specific machine. Users should never
need to modify files in this directory to configure the package's
operation; put such configuration information in separate files that go
in @file{datadir} or @file{$(sysconfdir)}. @file{$(localstatedir)}
should normally be @file{/usr/local/var}, but write it as
@file{$(prefix)/var}.
@item libdir
The directory for object files and libraries of object code. Do not
install executables here, they probably belong in @file{$(libexecdir)}
instead. The value of @code{libdir} should normally be
@file{/usr/local/lib}, but write it as @file{$(exec_prefix)/lib}.
@item infodir
The directory for installing the Info files for this package. By
default, it should be @file{/usr/local/info}, but it should be written
as @file{$(prefix)/info}.
@item includedir
@c rewritten to avoid overfull hbox --roland
The directory for installing header files to be included by user
programs with the C @samp{#include} preprocessor directive. This
should normally be @file{/usr/local/include}, but write it as
@file{$(prefix)/include}.
Most compilers other than GCC do not look for header files in
@file{/usr/local/include}. So installing the header files this way is
only useful with GCC. Sometimes this is not a problem because some
libraries are only really intended to work with GCC. But some libraries
are intended to work with other compilers. They should install their
header files in two places, one specified by @code{includedir} and one
specified by @code{oldincludedir}.
@item oldincludedir
The directory for installing @samp{#include} header files for use with
compilers other than GCC. This should normally be @file{/usr/include}.
The Makefile commands should check whether the value of
@code{oldincludedir} is empty. If it is, they should not try to use
it; they should cancel the second installation of the header files.
A package should not replace an existing header in this directory unless
the header came from the same package. Thus, if your Foo package
provides a header file @file{foo.h}, then it should install the header
file in the @code{oldincludedir} directory if either (1) there is no
@file{foo.h} there or (2) the @file{foo.h} that exists came from the Foo
package.
To tell whether @file{foo.h} came from the Foo package, put a magic
string in the file---part of a comment---and grep for that string.
@end table
Unix-style man pages are installed in one of the following:
@table @samp
@item mandir
The top-level directory for installing the man pages (if any) for this
package. It will normally be @file{/usr/local/man}, but you should
write it as @file{$(prefix)/man}.
@item man1dir
The directory for installing section 1 man pages. Write it as
@file{$(mandir)/man1}.
@item man2dir
The directory for installing section 2 man pages. Write it as
@file{$(mandir)/man2}.
@item @dots{}
@strong{Don't make the primary documentation for any GNU software be a
man page. Write a manual in Texinfo instead. Man pages are just for
the sake of people running GNU software on Unix, which is a secondary
application only.}
@item manext
The file name extension for the installed man page. This should contain
a period followed by the appropriate digit; it should normally be @samp{.1}.
@item man1ext
The file name extension for installed section 1 man pages.
@item man2ext
The file name extension for installed section 2 man pages.
@item @dots{}
Use these names instead of @samp{manext} if the package needs to install man
pages in more than one section of the manual.
@end table
And finally, you should set the following variable:
@table @samp
@item srcdir
The directory for the sources being compiled. The value of this
variable is normally inserted by the @code{configure} shell script.
@end table
For example:
@smallexample
@c I have changed some of the comments here slightly to fix an overfull
@c hbox, so the make manual can format correctly. --roland
# Common prefix for installation directories.
# NOTE: This directory must exist when you start the install.
prefix = /usr/local
exec_prefix = $(prefix)
# Where to put the executable for the command `gcc'.
bindir = $(exec_prefix)/bin
# Where to put the directories used by the compiler.
libexecdir = $(exec_prefix)/libexec
# Where to put the Info files.
infodir = $(prefix)/info
@end smallexample
If your program installs a large number of files into one of the
standard user-specified directories, it might be useful to group them
into a subdirectory particular to that program. If you do this, you
should write the @code{install} rule to create these subdirectories.
Do not expect the user to include the subdirectory name in the value of
any of the variables listed above. The idea of having a uniform set of
variable names for installation directories is to enable the user to
specify the exact same values for several different GNU packages. In
order for this to be useful, all the packages must be designed so that
they will work sensibly when the user does so.