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222 lines
8.5 KiB
Text
222 lines
8.5 KiB
Text
Port of GNU make to Windows NT and Windows 95
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Builds natively with MSVC 2.x or MSVC 4.x compilers.
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To build with nmake on Windows NT or Windows 95:
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1. Make sure cl.exe is in your %Path%. Example:
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set Path=%Path%;c:/msdev/bin
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2. Make sure %include% is set to msvc include directory. Example:
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set include=c:/msdev/include
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3. Make sure %lib% is set to msvc lib directory. Example:
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set lib=c:/msdev/lib
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4. nmake /f NMakefile
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There is a bat file (build_w32.bat) for folks who have fear of nmake.
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Outputs:
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WinDebug/make.exe
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WinRel/make.exe
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-- Notes/Caveats --
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GNU make and sh.exe:
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This port prefers you have a working sh.exe somewhere on your
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system. If you don't have sh.exe, port falls back to
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MSDOS mode for launching programs (via a batch file).
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The MSDOS mode style execution has not been tested too
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carefully though (I use GNU bash as sh.exe).
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There are very few true ports of Bourne shell for NT right now.
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There is a version of GNU bash available from Cygnus gnu-win32
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porting effort. Other possibilities are to get the MKS version
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of sh.exe or to build your own with a package like
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NutCracker (DataFocus) or Portage (Consensys).
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Tivoli uses a homegrown port of GNU bash which is not (yet)
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freely available. It may be available someday, but I am not in control
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of this decision nor do I influence it. Sorry!
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GNU make and Cygnus GNU WIN32 tools (BATCH_MODE_ONLY_SHELL)
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GNU make now has support for the Cygnus GNU WIN32 toolset. The
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GNU WIN32 version of Bourne shell does not behave well when
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invoked as 'sh -c' from CreateProcess(). The main problem is it
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seems to have a hard time handling quoted strings correctly. This
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problem goes away when invoking the Cygnus shell on a shell script.
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To work around this difficulty, this version of make supports
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a new batch mode. When BATCH_MODE_ONLY_SHELL is defined at compile
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time, make forces all command lines to be executed via script
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files instead of by command line.
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A native WIN32 system with no Bourne shell will also run
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in batch mode. All command lines will be put into batch files
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and executed via $(COMSPEC) (%COMSPEC%).
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If you wish to use Cygnus' GNUWIN32 shell, be sure you define
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BATCH_MODE_ONLY_SHELL in the config.h.W32 prior to building make.
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The new feataure was tested with the b18 version of the Cygnus
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user tools.
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GNU make and MKS shell
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There is now semi-official support for the MKS shell. To turn this
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support on, define HAVE_MKS_SHELL in the config.h.W32 before you
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build make. Do not define BATCH_MODE_ONLY_SHELL if you turn
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on HAVE_MKS_SHELL.
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GNU make handling of drive letters in pathnames (PATH, vpath, VPATH):
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There is a caveat that should be noted with respect to handling
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single character pathnames on Windows systems. When colon is
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used in PATH variables, make tries to be smart about knowing when
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you are using colon as a separator versus colon as a drive
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letter. Unfortunately, something as simple as the string 'x:/'
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could be interpreted 2 ways: (x and /) or (x:/).
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Make chooses to interpret a letter plus colon (e.g. x:/) as a
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drive letter pathname. If it is necessary to use single
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character directories in paths (VPATH, vpath, Path, PATH), the
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user must do one of two things:
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a. Use semicolon as the separator to disambiguate colon. For
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example use 'x;/' if you want to say 'x' and '/' are
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separate components.
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b. Qualify the directory name so that there is more than
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one character in the path(s) used. For example, none
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of these settings are ambiguous:
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./x:./y
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/some/path/x:/some/path/y
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x:/some/path/x:x:/some/path/y
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These caveats affect Windows systems only (Windows NT and
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Windows 95) and can be ignored for other platforms.
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Please note that you are free to mix colon and semi-colon in the
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specification of paths. Make is able to figure out the intended
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result and convert the paths internally to the format needed
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when interacting with the operating system.
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You are encouraged to use colon as the separator character.
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This should ease the pain of deciding how to handle various path
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problems which exist between platforms. If colon is used on
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both Unix and Windows systems, then no ifdef'ing will be
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necessary in the makefile source.
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GNU make test suite:
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I verified all functionality with a slightly modified version
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of make-test-0.4.5 (modifications to get test suite to run
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on Windows NT). All tests pass in an environment that includes
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sh.exe. Tested on both Windows NT and Windows 95.
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Building GNU make on Windows NT and Windows 95 with Microsoft Visual C
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I did not provide a Visual C project file with this port as
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the project file would not be considered freely distributable
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(or so I think). It is easy enough to create one though if
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you know how to use Visual C.
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I build the program statically to avoid problems locating DLL's
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on machines that may not have MSVC runtime installed. If you
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prefer, you can change make to build with shared libraries by
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changing /MT to /MD in the NMakefile (or build_w32.bat).
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Program has not been built under non-Intel architectures (yet).
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I have not tried to build with any other compilers than MSVC.
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Pathnames and white space:
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Unlike Unix, Windows 95/NT systems encourage pathnames which
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contain white space (e.g. C:\Program Files\). These sorts of pathnames
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are legal under Unix too, but are never encouraged. There is
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at least one place in make (VPATH/vpath handling) where paths
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containing white space will simply not work. There may be others
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too. I chose to not try and port make in such a way so that
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these sorts of paths could be handled. I offer these suggestions
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as workarounds:
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1. Use 8.3 notation
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2. Rename the directory so it does not contain white space.
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If you are unhappy with this choice, this is free software
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and you are free to take a crack at making this work. The code
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in w32/pathstuff.c and vpath.c would be the places to start.
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Pathnames and Case insensitivity:
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Unlike Unix, Windows 95/NT systems are case insensitive but case
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preserving. For example if you tell the file system to create a
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file named "Target", it will preserve the case. Subsequent access to
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the file with other case permutations will succeed (i.e. opening a
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file named "target" or "TARGET" will open the file "Target").
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By default, GNU make retains its case sensitivity when comparing
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target names and existing files or directories. It can be
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configured, however, into a case preserving and case insensitive
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mode by adding a define for HAVE_CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS to
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config.h.W32.
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For example, the following makefile will create a file named
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Target in the directory subdir which will subsequently be used
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to satisfy the dependency of SUBDIR/DepTarget on SubDir/TARGET.
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Without HAVE_CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS configured, the dependency link
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will not be made:
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subdir/Target:
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touch $@
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SUBDIR/DepTarget: SubDir/TARGET
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cp $^ $@
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Reliance on this behavior also eliminates the ability of GNU make
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to use case in comparison of matching rules. For example, it is
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not possible to set up a C++ rule using %.C that is different
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than a C rule using %.c. GNU make will consider these to be the
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same rule and will issue a warning.
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SAMBA/NTFS/VFAT:
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I have not had any success building the debug version of this
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package using SAMBA as my file server. The reason seems to be
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related to the way VC++ 4.0 changes the case name of the pdb
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filename it is passed on the command line. It seems to change
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the name always to to lower case. I contend that
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the VC++ compiler should not change the casename of files that
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are passed as arguments on the command line. I don't think this
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was a problem in MSVC 2.x, but I know it is a problem in MSVC 4.x.
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The package builds fine on VFAT and NTFS filesystems.
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Most all of the development I have done to date has been using
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NTFS and long file names. I have not done any considerable work
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under VFAT. VFAT users may wish to be aware that this port
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of make does respect case sensitivity.
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Version 3.76 contains some preliminary support for FAT. Make
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now tries to work around some difficulties with stat'ing of
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files and caching of filenames and directories internally.
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There is still a known problem with filenames sometimes being
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found to have modification dates in the future which cause make
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to complain about the file and exit (remake.c).
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Bug reports:
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Please submit bugs via the normal bug reporting mechanism
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which is described in one of the Texinfo files. If you don't
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have Texinfo for Windows NT or Windows 95, these files are simple
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text files and can be read with a text editor.
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