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64e16d6c00
- Updates to make.texi and make.1 and other documentation - Some VMS patches - Fix minor bugs reported on the mailing list and from Debian.
341 lines
9.2 KiB
Groff
341 lines
9.2 KiB
Groff
.TH MAKE 1 "22 August 1989" "GNU" "LOCAL USER COMMANDS"
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.SH NAME
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make \- GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B "make "
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[
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.B \-f
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.I makefile
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] [ options ] ... [ targets ] ...
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.SH WARNING
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This man page is an extract of the documentation of GNU
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.IR make .
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It is updated only occasionally, because the GNU project does not use nroff.
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For complete, current documentation, refer to the Info file
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.B make.info
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which is made from the Texinfo source file
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.BR make.texi .
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.LP
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The purpose of the
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.I make
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utility is to determine automatically which
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pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and issue the commands to
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recompile them.
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The manual describes the GNU implementation of
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.IR make ,
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which was written by Richard Stallman and Roland McGrath, and is
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currently maintained by Paul Smith.
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Our examples show C programs, since they are most common, but you can use
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.I make
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with any programming language whose compiler can be run with a
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shell command.
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In fact,
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.I make
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is not limited to programs.
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You can use it to describe any task where some files must be
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updated automatically from others whenever the others change.
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.LP
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To prepare to use
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.IR make ,
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you must write a file called the
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.I makefile
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that describes the relationships among files in your program, and the
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states the commands for updating each file.
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In a program, typically the executable file is updated from object
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files, which are in turn made by compiling source files.
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.LP
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Once a suitable makefile exists, each time you change some source files,
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this simple shell command:
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.sp 1
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.RS
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.B make
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.RE
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.sp 1
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suffices to perform all necessary recompilations.
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The
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.I make
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program uses the makefile data base and the last-modification times
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of the files to decide which of the files need to be updated.
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For each of those files, it issues the commands recorded in the data base.
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.LP
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.I make
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executes commands in the
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.I makefile
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to update
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one or more target
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.IR names ,
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where
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.I name
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is typically a program.
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If no
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.B \-f
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option is present,
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.I make
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will look for the makefiles
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.IR GNUmakefile ,
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.IR makefile ,
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and
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.IR Makefile ,
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in that order.
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.LP
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Normally you should call your makefile either
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.I makefile
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or
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.IR Makefile .
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(We recommend
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.I Makefile
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because it appears prominently near the beginning of a directory
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listing, right near other important files such as
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.IR README .)
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The first name checked,
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.IR GNUmakefile ,
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is not recommended for most makefiles.
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You should use this name if you have a makefile that is specific to GNU
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.IR make ,
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and will not be understood by other versions of
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.IR make .
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If
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.I makefile
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is `\-', the standard input is read.
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.LP
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.I make
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updates a target if it depends on prerequisite files
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that have been modified since the target was last modified,
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or if the target does not exist.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.sp 1
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-b , " \-m"
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These options are ignored for compatibility with other versions of
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.IR make .
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-B , " \-\-always\-make"
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Unconditionally make all targets.
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.TP 0.5i
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\fB\-C\fR \fIdir\fR, \fB\-\-directory\fR=\fIdir\fR
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Change to directory
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.I dir
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before reading the makefiles or doing anything else.
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If multiple
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.B \-C
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options are specified, each is interpreted relative to the
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previous one:
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.BR "\-C " /
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.BR "\-C " etc
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is equivalent to
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.BR "\-C " /etc.
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This is typically used with recursive invocations of
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.IR make .
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.TP 0.5i
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.B \-d
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Print debugging information in addition to normal processing.
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The debugging information says which files are being considered for
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remaking, which file-times are being compared and with what results,
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which files actually need to be remade, which implicit rules are
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considered and which are applied---everything interesting about how
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.I make
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decides what to do.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BI \-\-debug "[=FLAGS]"
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Print debugging information in addition to normal processing.
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If the
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.I FLAGS
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are omitted, then the behavior is the same as if
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.B \-d
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was specified.
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.I FLAGS
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may be
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.I a
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for all debugging output (same as using
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.BR \-d ),
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.I b
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for basic debugging,
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.I v
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for more verbose basic debugging,
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.I i
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for showing implicit rules,
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.I j
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for details on invocation of commands, and
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.I m
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for debugging while remaking makefiles.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-e , " \-\-environment\-overrides"
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Give variables taken from the environment precedence
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over variables from makefiles.
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.TP 0.5i
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+\fB\-f\fR \fIfile\fR, \fB\-\-file\fR=\fIfile\fR, \fB\-\-makefile\fR=\fIFILE\fR
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Use
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.I file
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as a makefile.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-i , " \-\-ignore\-errors"
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Ignore all errors in commands executed to remake files.
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.TP 0.5i
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\fB\-I\fR \fIdir\fR, \fB\-\-include\-dir\fR=\fIdir\fR
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Specifies a directory
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.I dir
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to search for included makefiles.
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If several
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.B \-I
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options are used to specify several directories, the directories are
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searched in the order specified.
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Unlike the arguments to other flags of
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.IR make ,
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directories given with
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.B \-I
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flags may come directly after the flag:
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.BI \-I dir
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is allowed, as well as
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.BI "\-I " dir.
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This syntax is allowed for compatibility with the C
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preprocessor's
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.B \-I
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flag.
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.TP 0.5i
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\fB\-j\fR [\fIjobs\fR], \fB\-\-jobs\fR[=\fIjobs\fR]
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Specifies the number of
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.I jobs
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(commands) to run simultaneously.
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If there is more than one
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.B \-j
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option, the last one is effective.
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If the
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.B \-j
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option is given without an argument,
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.IR make
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will not limit the number of jobs that can run simultaneously.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-k , " \-\-keep\-going"
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Continue as much as possible after an error.
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While the target that failed, and those that depend on it, cannot
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be remade, the other dependencies of these targets can be processed
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all the same.
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.TP 0.5i
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\fB\-l\fR [\fIload\fR], \fB\-\-load\-average\fR[=\fIload\fR]
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Specifies that no new jobs (commands) should be started if there are
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others jobs running and the load average is at least
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.I load
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(a floating-point number).
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With no argument, removes a previous load limit.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-L , " \-\-check\-symlink\-times"
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Use the latest mtime between symlinks and target.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-n , " \-\-just\-print" , " \-\-dry\-run" , " \-\-recon"
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Print the commands that would be executed, but do not execute them.
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.TP 0.5i
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\fB\-o\fR \fIfile\fR, \fB\-\-old\-file\fR=\fIfile\fR, \fB\-\-assume\-old\fR=\fIfile\fR
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Do not remake the file
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.I file
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even if it is older than its dependencies, and do not remake anything
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on account of changes in
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.IR file .
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Essentially the file is treated as very old and its rules are ignored.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-p , " \-\-print\-data\-base"
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Print the data base (rules and variable values) that results from
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reading the makefiles; then execute as usual or as otherwise
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specified.
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This also prints the version information given by the
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.B \-v
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switch (see below).
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To print the data base without trying to remake any files, use
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.B make
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.B \-p
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.BI \-f /dev/null.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-q , " \-\-question"
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``Question mode''.
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Do not run any commands, or print anything; just return an exit status
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that is zero if the specified targets are already up to date, nonzero
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otherwise.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-r , " \-\-no\-builtin\-rules"
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Eliminate use of the built\-in implicit rules.
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Also clear out the default list of suffixes for suffix rules.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-R , " \-\-no\-builtin\-variables"
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Don't define any built\-in variables.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-s , " \-\-silent" , " \-\-quiet"
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Silent operation; do not print the commands as they are executed.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-S , " \-\-no\-keep\-going" , " \-\-stop"
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Cancel the effect of the
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.B \-k
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option.
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This is never necessary except in a recursive
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.I make
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where
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.B \-k
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might be inherited from the top-level
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.I make
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via MAKEFLAGS or if you set
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.B \-k
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in MAKEFLAGS in your environment.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-t , " \-\-touch"
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Touch files (mark them up to date without really changing them)
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instead of running their commands.
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This is used to pretend that the commands were done, in order to fool
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future invocations of
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.IR make .
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-v , " \-\-version"
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Print the version of the
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.I make
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program plus a copyright, a list of authors and a notice that there
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is no warranty.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-w , " \-\-print\-directory"
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Print a message containing the working directory
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before and after other processing.
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This may be useful for tracking down errors from complicated nests of
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recursive
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.I make
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commands.
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.TP 0.5i
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.B \-\-no\-print\-directory
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Turn off
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.BR \-w ,
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even if it was turned on implicitly.
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.TP 0.5i
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\fB\-W\fR \fIfile\fR, \fB\-\-what\-if\fR=\fIfile\fR, \fB\-\-new\-file\fR=\fIfile\fR, \fB\-\-assume\-new\fR=\fIfile\fR
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Pretend that the target
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.I file
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has just been modified.
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When used with the
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.B \-n
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flag, this shows you what would happen if you were to modify that file.
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Without
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.BR \-n ,
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it is almost the same as running a
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.I touch
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command on the given file before running
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.IR make ,
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except that the modification time is changed only in the imagination of
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.IR make .
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.TP 0.5i
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.B \-\-warn\-undefined\-variables
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Warn when an undefined variable is referenced.
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.SH "EXIT STATUS"
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GNU
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.I make
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exits with a status of zero if all makefiles were successfully parsed
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and no targets that were built failed. A status of one will be returned
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if the
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.B \-q
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flag was used and
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.I make
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determines that a target needs to be rebuilt. A status of two will be
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returned if any errors were encountered.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.I "The GNU Make Manual"
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.SH BUGS
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See the chapter `Problems and Bugs' in
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.IR "The GNU Make Manual" .
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.SH AUTHOR
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This manual page contributed by Dennis Morse of Stanford University.
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It has been reworked by Roland McGrath. Further updates contributed by
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Mike Frysinger.
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