diff --git a/lib/protos/op_store.proto b/lib/protos/op_store.proto
index 175d073c3..f8a735072 100644
--- a/lib/protos/op_store.proto
+++ b/lib/protos/op_store.proto
@@ -14,9 +14,18 @@
 
 syntax = "proto3";
 
+message GitRef {
+  string name = 1;
+  // Always a commit id. Refs pointing to a non-commit object are not
+  // included.
+  bytes commit_id = 2;
+}
+
 message View {
   repeated bytes head_ids = 1;
   bytes checkout = 2;
+  // Only a subset of the refs. For example, does not include refs/notes/.
+  repeated GitRef git_refs = 3;
 }
 
 message Operation {
diff --git a/lib/src/git.rs b/lib/src/git.rs
index bfa675a57..ef5a942a9 100644
--- a/lib/src/git.rs
+++ b/lib/src/git.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use crate::commit::Commit;
+use crate::repo::Repo;
 use crate::store::CommitId;
 use crate::transaction::Transaction;
 use thiserror::Error;
@@ -30,10 +31,22 @@ pub fn import_refs(tx: &mut Transaction) -> Result<(), GitImportError> {
     let store = tx.store().clone();
     let git_repo = store.git_repo().ok_or(GitImportError::NotAGitRepo)?;
     let git_refs = git_repo.references()?;
+    let existing_git_refs: Vec<_> = tx.as_repo().view().git_refs().keys().cloned().collect();
+    // TODO: Store the id of the previous import and read it back here, so we can
+    // merge the views instead of overwriting.
+    for existing_git_ref in existing_git_refs {
+        tx.remove_git_ref(&existing_git_ref);
+        // TODO: We should probably also remove heads pointing to the same
+        // commits and commits no longer reachable from other refs.
+        // If the underlying git repo has a branch that gets rewritten, we
+        // should probably not keep the commits it used to point to.
+    }
     for git_ref in git_refs {
         let git_ref = git_ref?;
-        if !(git_ref.is_tag() || git_ref.is_branch() || git_ref.is_remote()) {
-            // Skip other refs (such as notes) and symbolic refs.
+        if !(git_ref.is_tag() || git_ref.is_branch() || git_ref.is_remote())
+            || git_ref.name().is_none()
+        {
+            // Skip other refs (such as notes) and symbolic refs, as well as non-utf8 refs.
             // TODO: Is it useful to import HEAD (especially if it's detached)?
             continue;
         }
@@ -41,6 +54,7 @@ pub fn import_refs(tx: &mut Transaction) -> Result<(), GitImportError> {
         let id = CommitId(git_commit.id().as_bytes().to_vec());
         let commit = store.get_commit(&id).unwrap();
         tx.add_head(&commit);
+        tx.insert_git_ref(git_ref.name().unwrap().to_string(), id);
     }
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/lib/src/op_store.rs b/lib/src/op_store.rs
index 0d14fced1..9f2c5defc 100644
--- a/lib/src/op_store.rs
+++ b/lib/src/op_store.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use crate::store::{CommitId, Timestamp};
-use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashSet};
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Error, Formatter};
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, Hash)]
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ impl OperationId {
 pub struct View {
     /// All head commits
     pub head_ids: HashSet<CommitId>,
+    pub git_refs: BTreeMap<String, CommitId>,
     // The commit that *should be* checked out in the (default) working copy. Note that the
     // working copy (.jj/working_copy/) has the source of truth about which commit *is* checked out
     // (to be precise: the commit to which we most recently completed a checkout to).
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ impl View {
     pub fn new(checkout: CommitId) -> Self {
         Self {
             head_ids: HashSet::new(),
+            git_refs: BTreeMap::new(),
             checkout,
         }
     }
diff --git a/lib/src/simple_op_store.rs b/lib/src/simple_op_store.rs
index 7117dfd5d..c285fb408 100644
--- a/lib/src/simple_op_store.rs
+++ b/lib/src/simple_op_store.rs
@@ -198,6 +198,12 @@ fn view_to_proto(view: &View) -> crate::protos::op_store::View {
     for head_id in &view.head_ids {
         proto.head_ids.push(head_id.0.clone());
     }
+    for (git_ref_name, commit_id) in &view.git_refs {
+        let mut git_ref_proto = crate::protos::op_store::GitRef::new();
+        git_ref_proto.set_name(git_ref_name.clone());
+        git_ref_proto.set_commit_id(commit_id.0.clone());
+        proto.git_refs.push(git_ref_proto);
+    }
     proto
 }
 
@@ -206,5 +212,9 @@ fn view_from_proto(proto: &crate::protos::op_store::View) -> View {
     for head_id_bytes in proto.head_ids.iter() {
         view.head_ids.insert(CommitId(head_id_bytes.to_vec()));
     }
+    for git_ref in proto.git_refs.iter() {
+        view.git_refs
+            .insert(git_ref.name.clone(), CommitId(git_ref.commit_id.to_vec()));
+    }
     view
 }
diff --git a/lib/src/transaction.rs b/lib/src/transaction.rs
index 92ef75768..3b3570dde 100644
--- a/lib/src/transaction.rs
+++ b/lib/src/transaction.rs
@@ -171,6 +171,20 @@ impl<'r> Transaction<'r> {
         mut_repo.evolution.as_mut().unwrap().invalidate();
     }
 
+    pub fn insert_git_ref(&mut self, name: String, commit_id: CommitId) {
+        let mut_repo = Arc::get_mut(self.repo.as_mut().unwrap()).unwrap();
+        mut_repo
+            .view
+            .as_mut()
+            .unwrap()
+            .insert_git_ref(name, commit_id);
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove_git_ref(&mut self, name: &str) {
+        let mut_repo = Arc::get_mut(self.repo.as_mut().unwrap()).unwrap();
+        mut_repo.view.as_mut().unwrap().remove_git_ref(name);
+    }
+
     pub fn set_view(&mut self, data: op_store::View) {
         let mut_repo = Arc::get_mut(self.repo.as_mut().unwrap()).unwrap();
         mut_repo.view.as_mut().unwrap().set_view(data);
diff --git a/lib/src/view.rs b/lib/src/view.rs
index 687960239..3d8fd51ba 100644
--- a/lib/src/view.rs
+++ b/lib/src/view.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::cmp::min;
-use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashSet};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ use crate::store_wrapper::StoreWrapper;
 pub trait View {
     fn checkout(&self) -> &CommitId;
     fn heads<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = &'a CommitId> + 'a>;
+    fn git_refs(&self) -> &BTreeMap<String, CommitId>;
     fn op_store(&self) -> Arc<dyn OpStore>;
     fn base_op_head_id(&self) -> &OperationId;
 
@@ -152,6 +153,35 @@ pub fn merge_views(
     // side while a child or successor is created on another side? Maybe a
     // warning?
 
+    // Merge git refs
+    let base_git_ref_names: HashSet<_> = base.git_refs.keys().clone().collect();
+    let right_git_ref_names: HashSet<_> = right.git_refs.keys().clone().collect();
+    for maybe_modified_git_ref_name in right_git_ref_names.intersection(&base_git_ref_names) {
+        let base_commit_id = base.git_refs.get(*maybe_modified_git_ref_name).unwrap();
+        let right_commit_id = right.git_refs.get(*maybe_modified_git_ref_name).unwrap();
+        if base_commit_id == right_commit_id {
+            continue;
+        }
+        // TODO: Handle modify/modify conflict (i.e. if left and base are different
+        // here)
+        result.git_refs.insert(
+            (*maybe_modified_git_ref_name).clone(),
+            right_commit_id.clone(),
+        );
+    }
+    for added_git_ref_name in right_git_ref_names.difference(&base_git_ref_names) {
+        // TODO: Handle add/add conflict (i.e. if left also has the ref here)
+        result.git_refs.insert(
+            (*added_git_ref_name).clone(),
+            right.git_refs.get(*added_git_ref_name).unwrap().clone(),
+        );
+    }
+    for removed_git_ref_name in base_git_ref_names.difference(&right_git_ref_names) {
+        // TODO: Handle modify/remove conflict (i.e. if left and base are different
+        // here)
+        result.git_refs.remove(*removed_git_ref_name);
+    }
+
     result
 }
 
@@ -278,6 +308,10 @@ impl View for ReadonlyView {
         Box::new(self.data.head_ids.iter())
     }
 
+    fn git_refs(&self) -> &BTreeMap<String, CommitId> {
+        &self.data.git_refs
+    }
+
     fn op_store(&self) -> Arc<dyn OpStore> {
         self.op_store.clone()
     }
@@ -365,6 +399,10 @@ impl View for MutableView {
         Box::new(self.data.head_ids.iter())
     }
 
+    fn git_refs(&self) -> &BTreeMap<String, CommitId> {
+        &self.data.git_refs
+    }
+
     fn op_store(&self) -> Arc<dyn OpStore> {
         self.op_store.clone()
     }
@@ -402,6 +440,14 @@ impl MutableView {
         self.remove_non_heads();
     }
 
+    pub fn insert_git_ref(&mut self, name: String, commit_id: CommitId) {
+        self.data.git_refs.insert(name, commit_id);
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove_git_ref(&mut self, name: &str) {
+        self.data.git_refs.remove(name);
+    }
+
     pub fn set_view(&mut self, data: op_store::View) {
         self.data = data;
         self.remove_non_heads();
diff --git a/lib/tests/test_git.rs b/lib/tests/test_git.rs
index 51625be31..23bf61b4d 100644
--- a/lib/tests/test_git.rs
+++ b/lib/tests/test_git.rs
@@ -63,21 +63,222 @@ fn test_import_refs() {
     let commit2 = empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/heads/main", &[&commit1]);
     let commit3 = empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/heads/feature1", &[&commit2]);
     let commit4 = empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/heads/feature2", &[&commit2]);
+    let commit5 = empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/remotes/origin/main", &[&commit2]);
+    // Should not be imported
+    empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/notes/x", &[&commit2]);
 
     std::fs::create_dir(&jj_repo_dir).unwrap();
     let repo = ReadonlyRepo::init_external_git(&settings, jj_repo_dir, git_repo_dir);
     let mut tx = repo.start_transaction("test");
     let heads_before: HashSet<_> = repo.view().heads().cloned().collect();
     jujube_lib::git::import_refs(&mut tx).unwrap_or_default();
-    let heads_after: HashSet<_> = tx.as_repo().view().heads().cloned().collect();
+    let view = tx.as_repo().view();
+    let heads_after: HashSet<_> = view.heads().cloned().collect();
     let expected_heads: HashSet<_> = heads_before
-        .union(&hashset!(commit_id(&commit3), commit_id(&commit4)))
+        .union(&hashset!(
+            commit_id(&commit3),
+            commit_id(&commit4),
+            commit_id(&commit5)
+        ))
         .cloned()
         .collect();
     assert_eq!(heads_after, expected_heads);
+    assert_eq!(view.git_refs().len(), 4);
+    assert_eq!(
+        view.git_refs().get("refs/heads/main"),
+        Some(commit_id(&commit2)).as_ref()
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        view.git_refs().get("refs/heads/feature1"),
+        Some(commit_id(&commit3)).as_ref()
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        view.git_refs().get("refs/heads/feature2"),
+        Some(commit_id(&commit4)).as_ref()
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        view.git_refs().get("refs/remotes/origin/main"),
+        Some(commit_id(&commit5)).as_ref()
+    );
     tx.discard();
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_import_refs_reimport() {
+    let settings = testutils::user_settings();
+    let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let git_repo_dir = temp_dir.path().join("git");
+    let jj_repo_dir = temp_dir.path().join("jj");
+
+    let git_repo = git2::Repository::init_bare(&git_repo_dir).unwrap();
+    let commit1 = empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/heads/main", &[]);
+    let commit2 = empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/heads/main", &[&commit1]);
+    let commit3 = empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/heads/feature1", &[&commit2]);
+    let commit4 = empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/heads/feature2", &[&commit2]);
+
+    std::fs::create_dir(&jj_repo_dir).unwrap();
+    let mut repo = ReadonlyRepo::init_external_git(&settings, jj_repo_dir, git_repo_dir);
+    let heads_before: HashSet<_> = repo.view().heads().cloned().collect();
+    let mut tx = repo.start_transaction("test");
+    jujube_lib::git::import_refs(&mut tx).unwrap_or_default();
+    tx.commit();
+
+    // Delete feature1 and rewrite feature2
+    git_repo
+        .find_reference("refs/heads/feature1")
+        .unwrap()
+        .delete()
+        .unwrap();
+    git_repo
+        .find_reference("refs/heads/feature2")
+        .unwrap()
+        .delete()
+        .unwrap();
+    let commit5 = empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/heads/feature2", &[&commit2]);
+
+    Arc::get_mut(&mut repo).unwrap().reload();
+    let mut tx = repo.start_transaction("test");
+    jujube_lib::git::import_refs(&mut tx).unwrap_or_default();
+
+    let view = tx.as_repo().view();
+    let heads_after: HashSet<_> = view.heads().cloned().collect();
+    // TODO: commit3 and commit4 should probably be removed
+    let expected_heads: HashSet<_> = heads_before
+        .union(&hashset!(
+            commit_id(&commit3),
+            commit_id(&commit4),
+            commit_id(&commit5)
+        ))
+        .cloned()
+        .collect();
+    assert_eq!(heads_after, expected_heads);
+    assert_eq!(view.git_refs().len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(
+        view.git_refs().get("refs/heads/main"),
+        Some(commit_id(&commit2)).as_ref()
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        view.git_refs().get("refs/heads/feature2"),
+        Some(commit_id(&commit5)).as_ref()
+    );
+    tx.discard();
+}
+
+fn git_ref(git_repo: &git2::Repository, name: &str, target: Oid) {
+    git_repo.reference(name, target, true, "").unwrap();
+}
+
+fn delete_git_ref(git_repo: &git2::Repository, name: &str) {
+    git_repo.find_reference(name).unwrap().delete().unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_import_refs_merge() {
+    let settings = testutils::user_settings();
+    let (_temp_dir, mut repo) = testutils::init_repo(&settings, true);
+    let git_repo = repo.store().git_repo().unwrap();
+
+    // Set up the following refs and update them as follows:
+    // sideways-unchanged: one operation rewrites the ref
+    // unchanged-sideways: the other operation rewrites the ref
+    // remove-unchanged: one operation removes the ref
+    // unchanged-remove: the other operation removes the ref
+    // forward-forward: two operations move forward by different amounts
+    // sideways-sideways: two operations rewrite the ref
+    // forward-remove: one operation moves forward, the other operation removes
+    // remove-forward: one operation removes, the other operation moves
+    // add-add: two operations add the ref with different target
+    //
+    // The above cases distinguish between refs moving forward and sideways (and
+    // there are no tests for refs moving backward) because we may want to treat
+    // the cases differently, although that's still unclear.
+    //
+    // TODO: Consider adding more systematic testing to cover
+    // all state transitions. For example, the above does not include a case
+    // where a ref is added on both sides and one is an ancestor of the other
+    // (we should probably resolve that in favor of the descendant).
+    let commit1 = empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/heads/main", &[]);
+    let commit2 = empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/heads/main", &[&commit1]);
+    let commit3 = empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/heads/main", &[&commit2]);
+    let commit4 = empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/heads/feature1", &[&commit2]);
+    let commit5 = empty_git_commit(&git_repo, "refs/heads/feature2", &[&commit2]);
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/sideways-unchanged", commit3.id());
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/unchanged-sideways", commit3.id());
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/remove-unchanged", commit3.id());
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/unchanged-remove", commit3.id());
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/sideways-sideways", commit3.id());
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/forward-forward", commit1.id());
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/forward-remove", commit1.id());
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/remove-forward", commit1.id());
+    let mut tx = repo.start_transaction("initial import");
+    jujube_lib::git::import_refs(&mut tx).unwrap_or_default();
+    tx.commit();
+    Arc::get_mut(&mut repo).unwrap().reload();
+
+    // One of the concurrent operations:
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/sideways-unchanged", commit4.id());
+    delete_git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/remove-unchanged");
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/sideways-sideways", commit4.id());
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/forward-forward", commit2.id());
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/forward-remove", commit2.id());
+    delete_git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/remove-forward");
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/add-add", commit3.id());
+    let mut tx1 = repo.start_transaction("concurrent import 1");
+    jujube_lib::git::import_refs(&mut tx1).unwrap_or_default();
+    tx1.commit();
+
+    // The other concurrent operation:
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/unchanged-sideways", commit4.id());
+    delete_git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/unchanged-remove");
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/sideways-sideways", commit5.id());
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/forward-forward", commit3.id());
+    delete_git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/forward-remove");
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/remove-forward", commit2.id());
+    git_ref(&git_repo, "refs/heads/add-add", commit4.id());
+    let mut tx2 = repo.start_transaction("concurrent import 2");
+    jujube_lib::git::import_refs(&mut tx2).unwrap_or_default();
+    tx2.commit();
+
+    // Reload the repo, causing the operations to be merged.
+    Arc::get_mut(&mut repo).unwrap().reload();
+
+    let view = repo.view();
+    let git_refs = view.git_refs();
+    assert_eq!(git_refs.len(), 9);
+    assert_eq!(
+        git_refs.get("refs/heads/sideways-unchanged"),
+        Some(commit_id(&commit4)).as_ref()
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        git_refs.get("refs/heads/unchanged-sideways"),
+        Some(commit_id(&commit4)).as_ref()
+    );
+    assert_eq!(git_refs.get("refs/heads/remove-unchanged"), None);
+    assert_eq!(git_refs.get("refs/heads/unchanged-remove"), None);
+    // TODO: Perhaps we should automatically resolve this to the descendant-most
+    // commit? (We currently do get the descendant-most, but that's only because we
+    // let the later operation overwrite.)
+    assert_eq!(
+        git_refs.get("refs/heads/forward-forward"),
+        Some(commit_id(&commit3)).as_ref()
+    );
+    // TODO: The rest of these should be conflicts (however we decide to represent
+    // that).
+    assert_eq!(
+        git_refs.get("refs/heads/sideways-sideways"),
+        Some(commit_id(&commit5)).as_ref()
+    );
+    assert_eq!(git_refs.get("refs/heads/forward-remove"), None);
+    assert_eq!(
+        git_refs.get("refs/heads/remove-forward"),
+        Some(commit_id(&commit2)).as_ref()
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        git_refs.get("refs/heads/add-add"),
+        Some(commit_id(&commit4)).as_ref()
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_import_refs_empty_git_repo() {
     let settings = testutils::user_settings();
@@ -92,8 +293,10 @@ fn test_import_refs_empty_git_repo() {
     let heads_before: HashSet<_> = repo.view().heads().cloned().collect();
     let mut tx = repo.start_transaction("test");
     jujube_lib::git::import_refs(&mut tx).unwrap_or_default();
-    let heads_after: HashSet<_> = tx.as_repo().view().heads().cloned().collect();
+    let view = tx.as_repo().view();
+    let heads_after: HashSet<_> = view.heads().cloned().collect();
     assert_eq!(heads_before, heads_after);
+    assert_eq!(view.git_refs().len(), 0);
     tx.discard();
 }